Pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd je nenahradite\u013en\u00fdm jadrom a plnivom nanokompozitov a sl\u00fa\u017ei aj ako d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 podporn\u00e1 zl\u00fa\u010denina pre priemyseln\u00e9 katalyz\u00e1tory. P\u00f3rovit\u00e9 sadze s\u00fa neoddelite\u013enou zlo\u017ekou kozmetick\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkov v\u010faka svojej hustej konzistencii a schopnosti absorbova\u0165 ne\u010distoty, zatia\u013e \u010do sl\u00fa\u017eia ako z\u00e1klad korundu, brusiva pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho na le\u0161tenie drah\u00fdch kame\u0148ov.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd sa vytv\u00e1ra kalcin\u00e1ciou hydroxidu hlinit\u00e9ho pri vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch, aby sa odstr\u00e1nila voda a vznikol oxid hlinit\u00fd, ktor\u00fd sa potom \u010falej spracov\u00e1va na v\u00fdrobu r\u00f4znych foriem s r\u00f4znymi vlastnos\u0165ami a pou\u017eit\u00edm.<\/p>\n
V z\u00e1vislosti od triedy m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 oxid hlinit\u00fd \u0161trukt\u00faru od jemnej po hrub\u00fa a r\u00f4zne \u00farovne chemickej \u010distoty a povrchu. Triedy s ve\u013emi n\u00edzkym obsahom ne\u010dist\u00f4t s\u00fa zn\u00e1me ako vysoko \u010dist\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd (HPA), zatia\u013e \u010do tie s extr\u00e9mne ve\u013ek\u00fdm povrchom s\u00fa zn\u00e1me ako zrnit\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd (GA) s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm stup\u0148om \u010distoty.<\/p>\n
Jemn\u00e9 pr\u00e1\u0161ky oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 v le\u0161tiacich zmesiach a materi\u00e1loch na podporu katalyz\u00e1torov, ako aj ako plnivo v procesoch v\u00fdroby plastov a gumy. Okrem toho sa vysoko\u010dist\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edva pri v\u00fdrobe zaf\u00edrov\u00fdch substr\u00e1tov pre elektronick\u00e9 zariadenia, ako aj na kovov\u00e9 povlaky na pou\u017eitie vo vysokoteplotn\u00fdch sp\u00e1jkovac\u00edch s\u00fastav\u00e1ch - skr\u00e1tka, m\u00e1 viacero vyu\u017eit\u00ed a p\u00f4sob\u00ed ako vynikaj\u00faci elektrick\u00fd izolant.<\/p>\n
Hlin\u00edk sa m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 aj ako ochrann\u00fd povlak na priemyseln\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkoch a strojoch, ktor\u00fd ich pom\u00e1ha chr\u00e1ni\u0165 pred odieran\u00edm. V\u010faka svojej vynikaj\u00facej tvrdosti a pevnosti je oxid hlinit\u00fd ide\u00e1lnym keramick\u00fdm izol\u00e1torom a substr\u00e1tom, ako aj v\u010faka tepelnej kapacite a vysok\u00e9mu bodu topenia je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd pri v\u00fdrobe \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkov pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, ako je petrochemick\u00e9 spracovanie, v\u00fdroba cementu, spa\u013eovanie odpadu a v\u00fdroba \u017eeleza a ocele. Hlin\u00edk sa m\u00f4\u017ee dokonca mie\u0161a\u0165 so sklom na zv\u00fd\u0161enie pevnosti.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva pri v\u00fdrobe \u0161irokej \u0161k\u00e1ly priemyseln\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkov, ako je keramika, metalurgia, elektronika a v\u00fdroba katalyz\u00e1torov. V\u010faka svojim tepeln\u00fdm, chemick\u00fdm a mechanick\u00fdm vlastnostiam je oxid hlinit\u00fd ide\u00e1lnym materi\u00e1lom pre \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, br\u00fasne kot\u00fa\u010de a aplik\u00e1cie odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di opotrebovaniu, ako aj n\u00edzkym \u00farovniam trenia, v\u010faka ktor\u00fdm je vhodn\u00fd pre nanokompozity s po\u017eiadavkami na biokompatibilitu.<\/p>\n
V\u010faka vysok\u00e9mu bodu topenia a tepelnej odolnosti sa oxid hlinit\u00fd \u0161iroko vyu\u017e\u00edva pri v\u00fdrobe elektrick\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed a polovodi\u010dov. Okrem toho sa v chladi\u010doch vyu\u017e\u00edva ako k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 zlo\u017eka na odvod tepla vznikaj\u00faceho v elektronick\u00fdch s\u00fa\u010diastkach a v\u010faka svojmu n\u00edzkemu treniu a izola\u010dn\u00fdm vlastnostiam je vynikaj\u00facou vo\u013ebou materi\u00e1lu na vytv\u00e1ranie antiadh\u00e9znych povlakov.<\/p>\n
Kalcinovan\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd sa v petrochemickom priemysle vo ve\u013ekej miere pou\u017e\u00edva na v\u00fdrobu keramick\u00fdch propantov, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pri hydraulickom \u0161tiepen\u00ed, aby sa udr\u017eali trhliny otvoren\u00e9 po\u010das hydraulick\u00e9ho \u0161tiepenia (frakovania), \u010d\u00edm sa napom\u00e1ha \u0165a\u017ebe uh\u013eovod\u00edkov z podzemn\u00fdch lo\u017e\u00edsk.<\/p>\n
\u010cist\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd (99%) sa be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edva na v\u00fdrobu dielov strojov a zariaden\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 musia by\u0165 odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di oderu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u00fa\u010dinne izolova\u0165 proti hluku a \u017eiareniu. Be\u017en\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie tohto materi\u00e1lu s\u00fa hriadele, lo\u017eisk\u00e1, axi\u00e1lne podlo\u017eky a piesty na \u010derpadl\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 pracuj\u00fa s chemik\u00e1liami, ako aj laserov\u00e9 komponenty, elektrooptick\u00e9 zariadenia, sn\u00edma\u010de prietokomerov a r\u00f6ntgenov\u00e9 zariadenia.<\/p>\n
Hlin\u00edk sa m\u00f4\u017ee prepravova\u0165 n\u00e1kladn\u00fdmi vozidlami alebo pr\u00edvesmi \u0161peci\u00e1lne vybaven\u00fdmi na prepravu \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdch n\u00e1kladov, \u017eeleznicou, n\u00e1kladnou lo\u010fou alebo ak\u00fdmko\u013evek in\u00fdm prostriedkom ur\u010den\u00fdm na prepravu sypk\u00fdch komod\u00edt, ako je hlin\u00edk.<\/p>\n
Oxid hlinit\u00fd je nepostr\u00e1date\u013en\u00fdm materi\u00e1lom v mnoh\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, ako s\u00fa br\u00fasiv\u00e1, spekan\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, materi\u00e1ly na plazmov\u00e9 striekanie a plniv\u00e1. Okrem toho sa oxid hlinit\u00fd nach\u00e1dza aj vo forme monokry\u0161t\u00e1lov, nosi\u010dov katalyz\u00e1torov a fluorescen\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00e1tok. Niektor\u00e9 pou\u017eitia oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa jeho vysok\u00fa \u010distotu a \u00fazku distrib\u00faciu ve\u013ekosti \u010dast\u00edc, zatia\u013e \u010do in\u00e9 si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa \u0161pecifick\u00e9 tvary; napr\u00edklad keramick\u00e9 filtre pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v uho\u013en\u00fdch elektr\u00e1r\u0148ach musia obsahova\u0165 pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd s priemerom 100 mikr\u00f3nov Filtre na odvod spal\u00edn si na optim\u00e1lne pou\u017eitie vy\u017eaduj\u00fa pr\u00e1\u0161ok valcovit\u00e9ho tvaru, ktor\u00e9ho priemer sa rovn\u00e1 100 mikr\u00f3nom.<\/p>\n
V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho sa vyr\u00e1ba Bayerov\u00fdm procesom, pri ktorom sa ako surovina pou\u017e\u00edva bauxit - zemit\u00fd miner\u00e1l. \u010cas\u0165 oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho sa \u0165a\u017e\u00ed zo zeme a prepravuje do z\u00e1vodov na v\u00fdrobu oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho, kde sa rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a vo vodn\u00fdch roztokoch hydroxidov a filtruje, \u010das\u0165 oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho sa potom posiela \u010falej do hlinik\u00e1rn\u00ed, kde sa elektrolyzuje na kovov\u00fd hlin\u00edk; zvy\u0161n\u00e9 kusy sa kalcinuj\u00fa na r\u00f4zne keramick\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, ako s\u00fa izol\u00e1tory, \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly a brusiv\u00e1, ako aj kostn\u00e9 implant\u00e1ty, kostn\u00e9\/zubn\u00e9 implant\u00e1ty, ako aj laborat\u00f3rne v\u00fdrobky a \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00e9 v\u00fdmurovky laborat\u00f3rnych pec\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Oxid hlinit\u00fd je komodita, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jeho cena denne kol\u00ed\u0161e v z\u00e1vislosti od ponuky a dopytu. V\u00fdrobcovia t\u00fato cenu pozorne sleduj\u00fa, aby pod\u013ea nej prisp\u00f4sobili v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, a zvy\u010dajne ju dod\u00e1vaj\u00fa vo ve\u013ekom n\u00e1kladn\u00fdmi autami alebo \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00fdmi vag\u00f3nmi; v z\u00e1vislosti od vzdialenosti a r\u00fdchlosti potrebnej na prepravu sa m\u00f4\u017ee dod\u00e1va\u0165 aj lo\u010fou.<\/p>\n
Oxid hlinit\u00fd je jednou z najpou\u017e\u00edvanej\u0161\u00edch technick\u00fdch keram\u00edk. V\u010faka svojim vlastnostiam je tvrd\u00fd, chemicky inertn\u00fd a stabiln\u00fd pri vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch, tak\u017ee pr\u00e1\u0161ok oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho je ide\u00e1lny na v\u00fdrobu materi\u00e1lov odoln\u00fdch proti opotrebovaniu a \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkov pre r\u00f4zne aplik\u00e1cie. Oxid hlinit\u00fd vykazuje aj izola\u010dn\u00e9 a elektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti; vysoko\u010dist\u00e9 druhy sa dokonca m\u00f4\u017eu pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ako separ\u00e1tory medzi an\u00f3dami a kat\u00f3dami, aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo skratu medzi t\u00fdmito bat\u00e9riami.<\/p>\n
Hlin\u00edk je tie\u017e z\u00e1kladnou surovinou pri v\u00fdrobe krem\u00edkov\u00fdch do\u0161ti\u010diek pre mikro\u010dipy a elektronick\u00e9 zariadenia a v\u010faka svojej tepelnej odolnosti, vysok\u00fdm bodom varu\/topenia a vynikaj\u00facim vodivostn\u00fdm vlastnostiam sl\u00fa\u017ei ako z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 zlo\u017eka pri v\u00fdrobe sveteln\u00fdch di\u00f3d (LED).<\/p>\n
Tento vyn\u00e1lez opisuje sp\u00f4sob merania ne\u010dist\u00f4t vo vzorke pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9ho oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho. Na tento \u00fa\u010del sa vzorka oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho vystav\u00ed r\u00f6ntgenov\u00e9mu \u017eiareniu a n\u00e1sledne sa zaznamen\u00e1 jej difrak\u010dn\u00fd uhol a intenzita na meranie. N\u00e1sledne sa m\u00f4\u017ee vypo\u010d\u00edta\u0165 jeho mrie\u017ekov\u00e1 kon\u0161tanta a stanovi\u0165 korel\u00e1cia medzi \u0148ou a obsahom ne\u010dist\u00f4t vo vzorke pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9ho oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Alumina powder is an indispensable core and filler material in nanocomposites, and also serves as an important support compound for […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aluminapowder.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aluminapowder.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aluminapowder.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aluminapowder.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aluminapowder.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/aluminapowder.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8,"href":"https:\/\/aluminapowder.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7\/revisions\/8"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aluminapowder.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aluminapowder.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aluminapowder.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}