P\u0113c vair\u0101k nek\u0101 divdesmit pieciem gadiem, str\u0101d\u0101jot ar keramikas izejviel\u0101m, esmu iem\u0101c\u012bjies cien\u012bt alum\u012bnija oks\u012bda pulveri vair\u0101k nek\u0101 gandr\u012bz jebkuru citu atsevi\u0161\u0137u sast\u0101vda\u013cu. Tam netiek piev\u0113rsta t\u0101da uzman\u012bba, k\u0101du da\u017ek\u0101rt sa\u0146em cirkona oks\u012bds vai sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds, ta\u010du r\u016bpn\u012bc\u0101 p\u0113c r\u016bpn\u012bcas esmu nov\u0113rojis, ka tas nodro\u0161ina stabilus rezult\u0101tus tur, kur citi materi\u0101li neattaisno cer\u012bbas. Neatkar\u012bgi no t\u0101, vai to izmanto augsta alum\u012bnija oks\u012bda satura ugunsiztur\u012bgajos materi\u0101los, mal\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013cos, tehniskaj\u0101 keramik\u0101 vai k\u0101 funkcion\u0101lu pildvielu, alum\u012bnija oks\u012bda pulveris joproj\u0101m ir viena no praktisk\u0101kaj\u0101m un daudzpus\u012bg\u0101kaj\u0101m pieejamaj\u0101m izv\u0113l\u0113m. Galvenais ir saprast, kuru kvalit\u0101tes pak\u0101pi izv\u0113l\u0113ties un k\u0101 to pareizi apstr\u0101d\u0101t konkr\u0113tajai darb\u012bbai.<\/p>\n
Alum\u012bnija oks\u012bda pulveris b\u016bt\u012bb\u0101 ir alum\u012bnija oks\u012bds, Al\u2082O\u2083. Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca komerci\u0101li pieejamo \u0161\u0137ir\u0146u tiek ra\u017eotas p\u0113c Bajera procesa, kur\u0101 boks\u012bta r\u016bdu apstr\u0101d\u0101 ar kod\u012bgo sodu, lai ieg\u016btu alum\u012bnija hidroks\u012bdu, ko p\u0113c tam kalcin\u0113 augst\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101, veidojot alum\u012bnija oks\u012bdu. Kalcin\u0113\u0161anas temperat\u016bra un laiks nosaka gala pulvera krist\u0101lo f\u0101zi un reaktivit\u0101ti. Zem\u0101k\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101 kalcin\u0113tais alum\u012bnija oks\u012bds parasti ir rea\u0123\u0113tsp\u0113j\u012bg\u0101ks un tiek izmantots keramikas izstr\u0101d\u0101jumos, kuriem nepiecie\u0161ama laba sa\u0137epin\u0101\u0161ana vid\u0113j\u0101s temperat\u016br\u0101s. Augst\u0101k\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101 kalcin\u0113tie produkti, kurus p\u0113c turpm\u0101kas apstr\u0101des bie\u017ei d\u0113v\u0113 par plakanu alum\u012bnija oks\u012bdu, ir bl\u012bv\u0101ki un stabil\u0101ki, t\u0101d\u0113\u013c piem\u0113roti ugunsiztur\u012bgu materi\u0101lu ra\u017eo\u0161anai. T\u012br\u012bbas pak\u0101pe parasti sv\u0101rst\u0101s no 99 % l\u012bdz 99,9 % vai augst\u0101k, ar kontrol\u0113tu s\u0101rma, sil\u012bcija dioks\u012bda un dzelzs oks\u012bda saturu atkar\u012bb\u0101 no gal\u012bg\u0101 lietojuma.<\/p>\n
Alum\u012bnija oks\u012bda pulveri v\u0113rt\u012bgu padara t\u0101 \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu kombin\u0101cija. Tas ir \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi ciet, t\u0101 Mosa ciet\u012bba ir 9, kas izskaidro t\u0101 ilgsto\u0161o noz\u012bmi abraz\u012bvos materi\u0101los un sl\u012bp\u0113\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013cos. Tam ir izcila termisk\u0101 stabilit\u0101te, un tas var iztur\u0113t temperat\u016bras, kas iev\u0113rojami p\u0101rsniedz 1500 \u00b0C, necie\u0161ot noz\u012bm\u012bgu kvalit\u0101tes pasliktin\u0101\u0161anos. \u0136\u012bmisk\u0101 zi\u0146\u0101 tas ir iztur\u012bgs pret liel\u0101ko da\u013cu sk\u0101bju un s\u0101rmu m\u0113ren\u0101s temperat\u016br\u0101s un uzr\u0101da labu iztur\u012bbu pret oksid\u0113\u0161anos. Ra\u017eo\u0161anas proces\u0101 var piel\u0101got da\u013ci\u0146u izm\u0113ru sadal\u012bjumu un morfolo\u0123iju, kas ir svar\u012bgi, jo \u0161ie faktori tie\u0161i ietekm\u0113 bl\u012bvumu, aglomer\u0101cijas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas un gal\u012bgo iztur\u012bbu keramikas izstr\u0101d\u0101jumos.<\/p>\n
Ugunsiztur\u012bgos materi\u0101los alum\u012bnija oks\u012bda pulveris ir daudzu augstas veiktsp\u0113jas produktu pamatkomponents. Esmu to pla\u0161i izmantojis liejamajos materi\u0101los, \u0137ie\u0123e\u013cos un kr\u0101sns apr\u012bkojum\u0101, kur nepiecie\u0161ama iztur\u012bba pret termisko \u0161oku un slodzes iztur\u012bba augst\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101. Vien\u0101 t\u0113rauda r\u016bpn\u012bcas projekt\u0101 p\u0101reja uz augst\u0101kas t\u012br\u012bbas pak\u0101pes reakt\u012bvo alum\u012bnija oks\u012bdu lie\u0161anas mais\u012bjuma sast\u0101v\u0101 uzlaboja karstuma iztur\u012bbu un samazin\u0101ja nodiluma \u0101trumu kausa ap\u0161uvum\u0101. Smalk\u0101kie da\u013ci\u0146u izm\u0113ri pal\u012bdz\u0113ja pan\u0101kt lab\u0101ku pl\u016bstam\u012bbu uzkl\u0101\u0161anas laik\u0101, vienlaikus nodro\u0161inot bl\u012bvumu, kas nepiecie\u0161ams iztur\u012bbai pret izded\u017eiem.<\/p>\n
Mal\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013cu un abraz\u012bvo materi\u0101lu ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101 alum\u012bnija oks\u012bda pulveris ir izejmateri\u0101ls, no kura ra\u017eo lod\u012btes un graudi\u0146us ar augstu alum\u012bnija oks\u012bda saturu. Kontrol\u0113tais da\u013ci\u0146u izm\u0113rs un zems piemais\u012bjumu l\u012bmenis pal\u012bdz rad\u012bt mal\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013cus, kas l\u0113ni nodilst un ievada minim\u0101lu pies\u0101r\u0146ojumu mal\u0101maj\u0101 materi\u0101l\u0101. Keramikas fl\u012b\u017eu un sanit\u0101rtehnikas ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101 alum\u012bnija oks\u012bdu bie\u017ei pievieno masai un glaz\u016bras sast\u0101vam, lai palielin\u0101tu izdedzin\u0101\u0161anas iztur\u012bbu un uzlabotu baltumu. Pat nelielas piedevas var iev\u0113rojami paaugstin\u0101t l\u016bzuma modu\u013cu, nepalielinot izdedzin\u0101\u0161anas temperat\u016bru.<\/p>\n
V\u0113l viens noz\u012bm\u012bgs pielietojums ir tehnisk\u0101 keramika. Alum\u012bnija oks\u012bda pulveri tiek pres\u0113ti vai veidoti ar injekcijas form\u0113\u0161anu, lai izgatavotu izolatorus, nodiluma deta\u013cas un elektroniskos substr\u0101tus. Sp\u0113ja sasniegt augstu apdedzin\u0101\u0161anas bl\u012bvumu ar kontrol\u0113tu sarau\u0161anos nodro\u0161ina \u0161\u012b materi\u0101la uzticam\u012bbu prec\u012bzijas deta\u013cu ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101. Pul\u0113\u0161anas darbos kalcin\u0113to alum\u012bnija oks\u012bdu joproj\u0101m pla\u0161i izmanto met\u0101lu, stikla un akmens apdarei, jo, izv\u0113loties pareizo da\u013ci\u0146u izm\u0113ru, tas efekt\u012bvi grie\u017e, neatst\u0101jot dzi\u013cus skr\u0101p\u0113jumus.<\/p>\n
Ir praktiski apsv\u0113rumi, kas izriet no re\u0101l\u0101s r\u016bpn\u012bcu pieredzes. Da\u013ci\u0146u izm\u0113rs ir \u013coti svar\u012bgs. Grub\u0101kas frakcijas sausaj\u0101 pres\u0113\u0161an\u0101 pl\u016bst lab\u0101k, ta\u010du t\u0101m var b\u016bt nepiecie\u0161amas augst\u0101kas sa\u0137epin\u0101\u0161anas temperat\u016bras. Smalk\u0101kas, rea\u0123\u0113jo\u0161as frakcijas sa\u0137epin\u0101s zem\u0101k\u0101s temperat\u016br\u0101s, ta\u010du to p\u0101rvieto\u0161anas laik\u0101 var rasties putek\u013cu veido\u0161an\u0101s probl\u0113mas, un, lai izvair\u012btos no plais\u0101jumiem \u017e\u0101v\u0113\u0161anas laik\u0101, var b\u016bt nepiecie\u0161ama r\u016bp\u012bga saistvielas izv\u0113le. Soda saturs ir v\u0113l viens b\u016btisks r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101js; pat nelielos daudzumos tas var ietekm\u0113t elektrisk\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas vai izrais\u012bt nev\u0113lamu stikla veido\u0161anos da\u017e\u0101s ugunsiztur\u012bgaj\u0101s sist\u0113m\u0101s.<\/p>\n
R\u012bkojoties ar alum\u012bnija oks\u012bda pulveri, ir j\u0101piev\u0113r\u0161 uzman\u012bba putek\u013cu kontrolei. Tas netiek klasific\u0113ts k\u0101 b\u012bstams t\u0101pat k\u0101 da\u017eas citas keramisk\u0101s \u0161\u0137iedras, ta\u010du ir j\u0101izvair\u0101s no smalko putek\u013cu ilgsto\u0161as ieelpo\u0161anas, nodro\u0161inot atbilsto\u0161u ventil\u0101ciju un izmantojot individu\u0101los aizsardz\u012bbas l\u012bdzek\u013cus. Uzglab\u0101\u0161ana ir vienk\u0101r\u0161a, ja vien materi\u0101ls paliek sauss; mitruma uzs\u016bk\u0161an\u0101s da\u017eiem \u0161\u012b materi\u0101la veidiem var ietekm\u0113t pl\u016bstam\u012bbu un reaktivit\u0101ti.<\/p>\n
Izmaksas vienm\u0113r ir da\u013ca no diskusijas. Augst\u0101kas t\u012br\u012bbas pak\u0101pes un smalk\u0101ka reakt\u012bv\u0101 alum\u012bnija oks\u012bda cena ir augst\u0101ka, t\u0101p\u0113c t\u0101 izmanto\u0161anu parasti pamato ar uzlabot\u0101m ekspluat\u0101cijas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m, ilg\u0101ku kalpo\u0161anas laiku vai samazin\u0101t\u0101m apstr\u0101des probl\u0113m\u0101m turpm\u0101kajos procesa posmos. Daudzos gad\u012bjumos vid\u0113j\u0101s klases 99 % alum\u012bnija oks\u012bds ar labi kontrol\u0113tu da\u013ci\u0146u izm\u0113ru sadal\u012bjumu nodro\u0161ina vislab\u0101ko l\u012bdzsvaru starp ekspluat\u0101cijas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m un ekonomiskajiem r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101jiem.<\/p>\n
P\u0113d\u0113jo gadu tendences ietver stingr\u0101kas pras\u012bbas attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz p\u0113du piemais\u012bjumiem elektronikas un katalizatoru lietojumos, k\u0101 ar\u012b pieaugo\u0161u interesi par alum\u012bnija oks\u012bdu saturo\u0161o atkritumu ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bgu ieguvi un p\u0101rstr\u0101di. Da\u017ei ra\u017eot\u0101ji pied\u0101v\u0101 ar\u012b vienm\u0113r\u012bg\u0101ku, \u0161aur\u0101ku da\u013ci\u0146u izm\u0113ru sadal\u012bjumu, kas pal\u012bdz samazin\u0101t ra\u017eo\u0161anas sv\u0101rst\u012bbas.<\/p>\n
Galu gal\u0101 alum\u012bnija oks\u012bda pulveris joproj\u0101m ie\u0146em savu vietu, jo tas pied\u0101v\u0101 uzticamu ciet\u012bbas, termisk\u0101s stabilit\u0101tes, \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101s iztur\u012bbas un piel\u0101gojamu da\u013ci\u0146u \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu kombin\u0101ciju. Tas ne vienm\u0113r ir viseksootisk\u0101kais vai d\u0101rg\u0101kais risin\u0101jums, ta\u010du, ja lieto\u0161anas joma prasa stabilu veiktsp\u0113ju augst\u0101s temperat\u016br\u0101s un sapr\u0101t\u012bgas izmaksas, tas joproj\u0101m ir viens no pirmajiem materi\u0101liem, ko es apsveru. Paties\u0101 prasme sl\u0113pjas taj\u0101, lai atrastu pareizo kvalit\u0101ti \u2014 t\u012br\u012bbu, da\u013ci\u0146u izm\u0113ru un reaktivit\u0101ti \u2014 atbilsto\u0161i konkr\u0113tajam procesam un veiktsp\u0113jas m\u0113r\u0137iem. Ja \u0161\u012b saska\u0146a ir pareiza, alum\u012bnija oks\u012bda pulveris klusi nodro\u0161ina rezult\u0101tus, kurus specializ\u0113t\u0101kiem materi\u0101liem da\u017ek\u0101rt ir gr\u016bti sasniegt ilgsto\u0161\u0101s ra\u017eo\u0161anas ciklos.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
After more than twenty-five years working with ceramic raw materials, I\u2019ve come to respect alumina powder more than almost any […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aluminapowder.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aluminapowder.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aluminapowder.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aluminapowder.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aluminapowder.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=112"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/aluminapowder.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":113,"href":"https:\/\/aluminapowder.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112\/revisions\/113"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aluminapowder.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aluminapowder.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=112"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aluminapowder.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}